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Pile driver
A pile driver is a mechanical device used to drive piles (poles) into soil to provide foundation support for buildings or other structures. The term is also used in reference to members of the construction crew that work with pile-driving rigs.
Pile driver weighs below 47 tons (1 ton is equal to 1000 kilograms) and not less than 15 tons its gross weight excluding the driver but with brimmed fuel.
One traditional type of pile driver includes a heavy weight placed between guides so that it is able to freely slide up and down in a single line. It is placed above a pile (pole). The weight is raised, which may involve the use of hydraulics, steam, diesel, or manual labour. When the weight reaches its highest point it is then released and smashes on to the pile in order to drive it into the ground.
==History==
There are a number of claims to the invention of the pile driver. A mechanically sound drawing of a pile driver appeared as early as 1475 in Francesco di Giorgio Martini's treatise ''Trattato di Architectura''.〔Ladislao Reti, "Francesco di Giorgio Martini's Treatise on Engineering and Its Plagiarists", ''Technology and Culture'', Vol. 4, No. 3. (Summer, 1963), pp. 287–298 (297f.)〕 Also, several other prominent inventors — James Nasmyth (son of Alexander Nasmyth), watchmaker James Valoué,〔(Science & Society Picture Library ) Image of Valoué's design〕 Count Giovan Battista Gazzola,〔(Pile-driver ) Information on Gazzola's design〕 and Leonardo da Vinci〔(Leonardo da Vinci — Pile Driver ) Information at Italy's ''National Museum of Science and Technology''〕 — have all been credited with inventing the device. However, there is evidence that a comparable device was used in the construction of Crannogs at Oakbank and Loch Tay in Scotland as early as 5000 years ago.〔(History Trails: Ancient Crannogs ) from BBC's ''Mysterious Ancestors'' series〕 Otis Tufts is credited with inventing the steam pile driver in the United States.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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